The table below provides an analysis of several transatlantic policy proposals on how to regulate the most advanced AI systems. The analysis shows that the recent non-paper circulated by Italy, France, and Germany (as reported by Euractiv) includes the fewest provisions with regards to foundation models or general purpose AI systems, even falling below the minimal standard that was set in a recent U.S. White House Executive Order.

While the non-paper proposes a voluntary code of conduct, it does not include any of the safety obligations required by previous proposals, including by the Council’s own adopted position. Moreover, the non-paper envisions a much lower level of oversight and enforcement than the Spanish Presidency’s compromise proposal and both the Parliament and Council’s adopted positions.