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Index
Department of Commerce (DoC)
International Trade Administration (ITA)
US Patent and Trade Administration (USPTO)
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
US AI Safety Institute (USAISI)
National Telecommunication and Information Administration (NTIA)
Department of Energy (DoE)
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER)
Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
Office of Critical and Emerging Technology (OCET)
Department of Homeland Security (DoHS)
Cybersecurity and & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)
Office of Cyber, Infrastructure, Risk, and Resilience (CIRR)
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)
Export Enforcement (EE)
Export Enforcement (EE) enforces U.S. export controls under the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA), the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), and the Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR). The program investigates illegal exports, unauthorized end uses, and antiboycott violations.
Matthew S. Axelrod - Assistant Secretary for Export Enforcement
Authority
Responsibilities
- Investigate non-compliance with export control statutes
- Pursue administrative/criminal penalties for violations
- Target violators undercutting rule-abiding exporters
- Partner with agencies via Disruptive Technology Strike Force
- Collaborate to counter sophisticated transnational criminal networks
- Provide all-source intelligence for licensing decisions
- Cooperate internationally through Export Control Officer program
- Engage in Enforcement Coordination Mechanisms (e.g., Export Five, G7)
- Expand criminal intelligence capabilities
- Update “foreign parties of concern” designations (Entity List, Denied Persons List, Military End-User List, Unverified List)
List of authorities
| Code/Legislation | Description |
|---|---|
| Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA) (50 U.S.C. 4801-4852) | Enforces export controls to prevent unauthorized exports of sensitive items |
| International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) | Grants authority to deal with unusual and extraordinary threats to national security, foreign policy, or economy |
| 13 U.S.C. 305 | Relates to collection and publication of foreign commerce and trade statistics |
| 22 U.S.C. 401 | Provides seizure and forfeiture authority for illegal exports |
| Export Administration Regulations (EAR) | Implements regulations for controlling exports of dual-use items |
| Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR) | Governs the reporting of export information |
| Anti-Boycott Act of 2018 (part of ECRA) | Enforces provisions discouraging U.S. companies from participating in unsanctioned foreign boycotts |
Offices
Office of Export Enforcement (OEE): The OEE employs Special Agents to investigate violations of export control laws. These agents have specific criminal and administrative authorities to investigate threats to national security. They focus on protecting sensitive U.S. technologies by investigating violations of the ECRA and EAR.
Office of Enforcement Analysis (OEA): The OEA analyzes information from public, intelligence, and government-privileged sources to support export control efforts. The OEA provides data to BIS and other agencies for export license decisions, identifies potential violators, and supports law enforcement actions. It also conducts end-use checks and fosters international cooperation to prevent misuse of export-controlled items.
Office of Antiboycott Compliance (OAC): The OAC enforces the antiboycott provisions of the Export Administration Regulations. These provisions restrict U.S. companies from complying with unsanctioned foreign boycotts. The OAC monitors and enforces regulations that prohibit U.S. companies from supporting boycotts against countries friendly to the United States.
References
https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/BIS-FY2025-Congressional-Budget-Submission.pdf
https://www.bis.gov/bis_leadership-and-offices#export-enforcement
Index
Department of Commerce (DoC)
International Trade Administration (ITA)
US Patent and Trade Administration (USPTO)
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
US AI Safety Institute (USAISI)
National Telecommunication and Information Administration (NTIA)
Department of Energy (DoE)
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER)
Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
Office of Critical and Emerging Technology (OCET)
Department of Homeland Security (DoHS)
Cybersecurity and & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)
Office of Cyber, Infrastructure, Risk, and Resilience (CIRR)